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The aim of education is to make the pupil like and dislike what he ought. – C.S. Lewis paraphrasing Aristotle

In contrast, the aim of much modern education is to make the pupil dislike the idea that one “ought” to like or dislike any particular thing at all. And a pox on the haters who tell them otherwise!

Bleh.

This is at the heart of “diversity training”.

Lewis goes on:

We laugh at honour and are shocked to find traitors in our midst.

-The Abolition of Man, p.35

Just this morning, in a cafe, I overheard a man raise his voice to a yelling rant while speaking with some friends. He was very angry that another man had recently broken a promise to him related to a job offer. The thing is, this man (the one doing the ranting) is a militant atheist. Yet here he is demanding that others treat him with high morals so that he may trust their word. You can’t have it both ways. If no God is keeping anyone accountable, than what is wrong with the man lying to him? But he knew, plain as day that it was wrong, in spite of his theology (or lack of).

This underlying idea that there is no objective value, no real right and wrong can really only thrive in a culture with multiple successive generations of relative peace and wealth. Only when the population is sufficiently removed from either starvation or someone trying to kill them can this sort of nonsense survive.

This same day, in the afternoon, I was speaking to a guy I went to music school with. He was lamenting (just as I have) that there were virtually no jobs in his field, yet so many graduates! My comment was that you can only have thousands of art and music graduates a year when there is no war. He has learned to cope by paying the bills working hard in other ways. His classical rep has also slipped dramatically, though not as badly as mine.

It will be seen that comfort and security, as known to a suburban street in peace-time, are the ultimate values: those things which can alone produce or spiritualize comfort and security are mocked. Man lives by bread alone, and the ultimate source of bread is the baker’s van: peace matters more than honour and can be preserved by jeering at colonels and reading newspapers.

-C.S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man, footnote, p.41

In a culture without hard, distinct values, this suburban comfort becomes the ultimate goal. Eating a nice meal from the deli at Whole Foods and “jeering at colonels” is the way to preserve peace. I’m not here to defend the colonels, but let me tell you, complaining from your armchair never accomplished a single thing in all of history. For a potent example, if you can stomach it, the comment thread on pretty much any Huffington Post article is exhibit A.

But I guess I jeer some as well. I recently was compelled to post a pretty negative comment on the Signal Versus Noise blog that I usually enjoy very much. Their recent (surprisingly positive!) post on internet motivational guru and snake-oil salesman Tim Ferriss was very out of character. Along these lines, another disgruntled user stated:

Mr. Ferris keeps referring to the New Rich. Despite all his attempts at creating a new paradigm, it appears that the only difference between the New Rich and the Old Rich is that the old rich are capitalists that actually produce things that society needs, such as railroads and software, while the new rich sell things like unregulated nutritional supplements.

It comes back to the same stuff. What has real value? Do you know what real value is when you see it? A farmer growing food is producing real value. A real estate broker, loan officer, or internet AdSense king… maybe not. Love whoever you want = good right? Ideas like gender differences are old-fashioned nonsense. Let’s abolish all boundaries. Build roads not fences! What could possibly go wrong? Nobody ought to like or dislike anything in particular. It’s so hateful. Oh, wait, I just used the word “ought” in that sentence.

The Abolition of Man is a short book by Lewis. It was written over 50 years ago. It doesn’t sound like’s it’s grown outdated one bit. In fact, the only thing that has changed is that the philosophy was criticizing has grown more mainstream. It was still largely locked in the ivory tower in his day.

Does this post have a point? Not really. It’s just drawing together three anecdotal experiences I had this very day along with some quotes I highlighted in a book last week. Whoopie. Writing it down though, it all seems more related than I realized at first.

Reading history lately has made me feel so very very tiny. My life and work is just a very small blip. This is a good thing though. I think it’s a proper humility. I guess all sweeping history must do this to it’s readers. Probably anyway. Nothing in memory has so indirectly encouraged me to look at the big picture!

Churches often make the mistake of imitating what seems at the time to be the natural and inevitable shape of secular society, and allocate resources accordingly. In the sixth century, it was difficult to contemplate a future world that might not always be based on a flourishing Mediterranean trade and the cities it sustained, just as later generations of Christians believed that society would always be founded on agriculture and village life. Matters do, of course, change, in ways that can leave once-great churches struggling badly.

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.243

Worldly success was a potent force in the growth of Islam, and in the shriveling of Christianity. That fact may be troubling to Christians, whose faith so often extols the triumph of the meek and humble while rejecting worldly success, and who are so familiar with the concept of defeat as the root of long-term victory. In practice, though, Christians often had used material successes as proofs of their faith. As we have seen, church writers pointed to miracles and healings to vouch for the power of Christ, and such events often explained important conversions. Though such claims continued to be made, they were increasingly outweighed by the obvious successes of Muslim states and armies. At several critical moments, Muslim victories proved enormously damaging to the Christian cause, from the early triumphs over the Byzantine Empire onward. As the early Islamic convert ‘Ali Tabari explained, “[Muhammad’s] victory over the nations is also by necessity and by undeniable arguments a manifest sign of the prophetic? If God had not been on his side, how could Muhammad’s followers possibly have won such stunning victories over ancient empires?

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.223

Islam had the same problem when their conquest of the world was later squashed by western technology and colonialism. Islam doesn’t have an easy time reconciling their theology with worldly failure. We, as Christians should have an easier time with this, but by regularly proclaiming “God will make you wealthy” and “God will always heal you if you have faith” we set ourselves up for trouble and major disappointments. Jesus promised us all sorts of blessings and to (some day!) wipe away every tear. But we’re in it for the long haul. We have to keep the big picture in mind. He will keep all his promises.

Reading accounts of the long struggles between Christianity and Islam, and the savagery each religion has wrought upon the other, it is easy to become discouraged, to see this history as the definitive clash of civilizations, which has no obvious ending except in an apocalyptic showdown. For each side, accounts of the destruction of communities add to the catalog of grievances: Muslims lament the loss of Spain, al-Andalus; Greek, Arab, and Armenian Christians recount in nostalgic detail the homelands from which their ancestors were expelled, or where their communities suffered collective martyrdom. Western conservatives parade stories of jihad and dhimmitude. None of these stories are necessarily false: throughout this history, great crimes have been committed. Yet for all this, the histories of Christianity and Islam remain quite inextricable, and repeatedly, even in dissolution, each faith has shaped the other. Underlying the struggle between Christians and Muslims is the fact that theirs is, ultimately, a conflict within a family, and no feud is more bitter.

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.206

Girard always says that we fight with each other not because of our differences, but because of our similarities and close proximity to one another.  Virtually no fight has been so passionate as the one between Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Even clashes with militant atheist communism has never been as fierce.

If you have an obnoxious coworker, it is not too much work to ignore them and go on with life. If you have an obnoxious mother-in-law, it’s much more difficult. When Muslims and Christians fight, it’s a family feud.

Historically, much of that advantage involved the control of the built environment, of the cityscape. Under Muslim rule, churches were tightly constrained in their ability to project their presence physically into the landscape, by the public display of icons and images or statuary, by bell ringing or public processions. It was no longer possible to use the liturgy and the spectacular external decoration of church buildings to offer believers a taste of the ultimate. Even today, the lack of prominent structures or pageantry contributes to the Western neglect of Christian traditions in the Middle East: when painters or photographers or filmmakers wish to portray the region’s cities, they focus on dominant Islamic imagery—mosques and minarets. By implication, any Christian presence must be extraneous.

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.215

This is pretty obvious of course – who is in control politically will suppress the positive visibility of the minority. In the middle ages, in fact, throughout most of history, there has been no mass media, television, etc. Religious symbols and monuments were a big deal. The tolling of the church bell throughout the town was absolutely LOADED with meaning.

I guess this can be seen as a defense of cathedral building. They are very durable and proclaim, well, that at the very least Jesus is pretty important. Highly utilitarian buildings, such as has been common practice in evangelicalism in the past 50 years are cheap to build, but does any memory of them last? Do you really even notice them as a church when you drive by? When I visit any large city, my eye is always drawn to the grand church buildings. Up north of where I live, in Spokane, there is a beautiful Presbyterian church from the turn of the century. I can’t help but see JUST IT on the skyline. What does the rest of the world see when they see America? Hollywood. The skyscrapers and New York. Lots of material wealth. But they aren’t likely to see a church. Our architecture nor our artwork is really that prominent. I am all for efforts to reform some of that! On the other hand, Jenkins also mentions the downside:

The strength of early and medieval Christianity was that it created a sanctified landscape in which Christian institutions were visible everywhere. The weakness of being so heavily invested in real estate was that it left an almost infinite abundance of tempting targets for plunder and destruction, and once these were gone, so were many of the forces that kept believers attached to the faith.

-p.235

I felt that writing something like this might bring a little bit of closure. What happened last year? I’m not sure. Let me think about it for a minute…

Family related:

• Wifey and I have now been married 8 years!
• Our fourth child, our second adoption and first international adoption (Ethiopia) is finally well underway. Virtually all the paperwork is done and we are waiting for final approval and a date to travel. (Late Spring 2011)
• Daughter turned 6 and is growing much more independent. So enjoyable. Homeschooling her.
• Son turned 4 and is in preschool. Loves numbers. An introvert like myself.
• Baby son turned 1 and is a whirlwind. Woooooshhh!!!

Books Read in 2010 (in chronological order):

• I See Satan Fall Like Lightening, Rene Girard
• Atheist Delusions: The Christian Revolution and its Fashionable Enemies, David Bently Hart
• The Chestnut King, N.D. Wilson
• Poetic Knowledge, James Taylor (partial)
• No Man is an Island, Thomas Merton (reread)
• Raising Abel: The Recovery of the Eschatological Imagination, James Alison
• On Being Liked, James Alison
• Oedipus Unbound, Rene Girard (partial)
• The Ball and the Cross, G.K. Chesterton
• Young Man Luther, Erik Erikson
• Acedia & Me, Kathleen Norris
• Orthodoxy, G.K. Chesterton (partial reread)
• Battling to the End, Rene Girard
• The Path to Rome, Hilaire Belloc
• The Genesis of Desire, Jean-Michel Oughourlian
• The Art of Biblical Narrative, Robert Alter
• That Hideous Strength, C.S. Lewis
• For Rene Girard, various authors
• The Oresteia, Aeschylus (audio book)
• Who Will Deliver Us?, Paul Zahl
• All Hallows Eve, Charles Williams
• Between Noon and Three, Robert Capon
• The Lost History of Christianity, Philip Jenkins
• The Abolition of Man, C.S. Lewis

Happenings at work:

• Wrote lots and lots of code (C#, SQL, Javascript, HTML/CSS), most of it tedious, but some of it clever
• Didn’t get fired or laid off, despite large cuts to higher ed
• Finally have a new coworker, after the vacancy was held up by red tape for over 2 years
• Started working a couple days a month assisting a local coffee roaster
• Wrote a moderately complex web app for a local non-profit using all new (to me) languages and frameworks (PHP 5.3 + Yii)

Music related:

• Have now officially forgotten all of my classical guitar rep
• Started playing guitar or bass regularly at church (simple song leading)
• Took Jazz Theory again and learned so much
• Discovered most of U2’s music and why it is so great. Also listened to a lot of Lunasa.

When members of a faith are unable to express their ideas except in a language that is primarily associated with a rival religious system—can use only the words and intellectual categories of another creed—that minority religion is en route to oblivion.

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.222

There is a tricky push-pull with how much we as Christians should use the old rich language of our faith and scripture, and the modern secularist language of science and political correctness. If we withdraw from the public discourse, then we isolate ourselves from our neighbors. That is not taking the gospel to the ends of the earth. Preaching on the street corner in Ye Olde King James English or even contemporary Christian idioms (“God laid it on my heart”) is going to be just noise to the passerby. On the other hand, if we rephrase our doctrine in terms of secular psychology and “ethics”, it’s very easy to shoot ourselves in the foot. To use another foot metaphor – preaching (or even just talking about) the gospel in terms of the latest Malcolm Gladwell book, the season finale of Lost, and Twitter might get our foot in the door, but then we may find that our luggage on wheels is permanently trapped in the hallway.

Language is always evolving. Conquest can make it change quickly. In a way, that’s almost easier. The slow movement will keep you on your toes. The Word is timeless, but we are in the timeline right now and must proclaim the Word (Jesus Christ, and him crucified and alive). We have the creative energy to do this, if we will lift a finger.

Religions, to stick, need to be established at the lowest level – with all the plain folk and and in all strata of culture. To do this though, they inevitably absorb and assimilate some of the local folk beliefs.

Buddhism in south east Asia is full of superstition, evil spirits, amulets, etc., even though these things don’t really have anything to do with Buddhism. They are leftover from the earlier paganism. It’s much more intellectual in northern China or Japan.

Islam looks really different in poor countries like Yemen or the tribal areas of Pakistan. In contrast, in the rich oil countries with decent cars, television, apartments buildings and restaurants, young men are much more likely to form a rock band than a terrorist cell.

Protestants are often highly annoyed by the Roman Catholic veneration of Mary, but part of this is due to the absolutely over-the-top treatment Mary receives in some parts of the world where the Marion cult has absorbed leftover idolatrous rituals. The official catechism in this area is more toned down than some realize.

American Christianity isn’t any different. Only here, in our highly individualistic and capitalistic environment could the “God wants to make you rich” notions of the prosperity gospel take hold, let alone thrive.

I was reminded of this while reading Jenkin’s The Lost History of Christianity. He provides an excerpt from an account of religion in Syria in 1912 written by archeologist Frederick Jones Bliss (p.205):

Christian, Moslems, Jews and Nuseiriyeh [Alawites] visit each others’ shrines. The Moslems take their insane, or “possessed” to get rid of their evil spirits in the cave of Saint Anthony, belonging to the aronite convent of Qozhayya in the Lebanon. Christians go on a similar errand to the well at the shrine of Sheikh Hassan er Rai (the Shepherd) near Damascus… During the procession on Good Friday, barren Moslem women pass under the cloth on which is stamped the figure of Christ in hopes that they may bear children. Christian women in Hums consult Dervish diviners. The Nuseiriyeh observe Christmas, though they subordinate Jesus to Ali…Instances of Moslems seeking baptism for their children as a sort of charm have been reported from all parts of Syria and Palestine.

I thought I would take a stab at rewriting this account a little closer to home:

Christians, Mormons, and Secularists visit each others’ shrines. Most classical music performances are held in churches and everyone shops at Whole Foods. The Christians take their psychologically troubled to receive the laying on of hands during worship services, but make sure to stop by Walgreens on the way home to refill their Cymbalta prescription. Mormon students show up at Campus Crusade for Christ events. During the procession of wealth in the parking lot at the office, men of all faiths try to one-up each other with various models of Porsche, Audi, and Mercedes. Barren Mormon women desperately shell out the bucks for fertility drugs in hopes that they may bear children. The atheist ACLU attorney has a Tarot deck in her desk drawer. The secularists observe Christmas, though they subordinate it to Hanukkah, despite the fact that they don’t know any Jews. Lapsed Catholics still have their children baptized and lapsed Baptists drop their kids off at Sunday school. Instances of secularists buying religious books on Amazon are reported from all states.

What fun!

This is spot on, as is.

Historically, Christians faced the issue of whether to speak and think in the language of their anti-Christian rulers. If they refused to accommodate, they were accepting utter marginality, and cutting themselves off from any participation in a thriving society. Yet accepting the dominant language and culture accelerated the already strong tendency to assimilate to the ruling culture, even if the process took generations. Although a comparable linguistic gulf does not separate modern Western churches from the secular world, Christians still face the dilemma of speaking the languages of power, of presenting their ideas in the conceptual framework of modern physics and biology, of social and behavioral science. To take one example, when churches view sin as dysfunction, an issue for therapy rather than prayer, Christians are indeed able to participate in national discourse, but they do not necessarily have anything to offer that is distinctive. Nor is there any obvious reason why believers should retain their attachment to a religious body that in its language and thought differs not at all from the secular mainstream. Too little adaptation means irrelevance; too much leads to assimilation and, often, disappearance.

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.245

Sometime in late spring, my wife and I will by traveling to Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. There at an orphanage, we will be adopting a young girl who will become our fourth child. I’m very excited about the trip!

In reading about Ethiopia, I discovered that the capital is nearly 8000 feet in elevation. That will probably be high enough that the air will seem thin to us. Why is it so high I wondered? Just yesterday I discovered the answer in my reading on church history:

In Africa, low-lying Christian Nubia succumbed to Muslim assaults [in the 1300s)]. Ethiopia survived, but only after relocating its capital and main territories into its mountainous heartland.

-Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, p.238

Head for the hills! In the 14th century, Muslims conquered much of the Christian world, including all of northern Africa. Ethiopia is the one exception. In fact, it’s been more or less continuously Christian longer than anywhere else on earth.

Ethiopia was a potent ally for Egypt’s Christians, when they fell under Muslim rule: as late as the fourteenth century, Ethiopia tried to prevent the ongoing persecution in Egypt by threatening to dam the Nile.

-p.56

Dam the Nile. That would throw a monkey wrench in somebody’s day for sure.