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Just a word about Michael’s book. I had anticipated it through the past year and read it in just a couple days when it finally arrived.

I had expected to post a bunch about it here, but alas, I find I have nothing to say that hasn’t been said 100 times better himself.

Unfortunately, the book really didn’t do anything for me since I’ve been reading all his other stuff for the past (is it four?) years.

I would quickly recommend the book to a newcomer as a great quick introduction to some of his thoughts.

All the best stuff though, where he goes into (the most useful) depth of all the topics he brings up in the book are contained in somewhat disorganized essays written on his blog over the past decade.

To someone looking for some heavier material right away, I would point them to a few specifics.

A comment on what some other folks are saying: Michael was not as anti-institutional church as he appears to be in the book. The many nuances of his position on that appear to have been lost in editing.

Still, it’s a good book. I bought a couple copies and plan to pass ’em around. Even if you don’t agree with his conclusions, it’s a healthy reality check for contemporary American church culture.

He’s constantly bringing it back around to Jesus and we can always use some more of that, from every angle.

It is because we have wanted to distance ourselves from religion that it is now returning with such force and in a retrograde, violent form. Rationalism was thus not real distancing, but a dike that is in the process of giving way. In this, it will perhaps have been our last mythology. We “believed” in reason, as people used to believe in the gods.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.119

The Old Testament law reveals to us something about the nature of God, but it is also an impossibility for us. Christ is our mediator in both directions. He stands not just between our sin and God, but he is also the only way we know God first hand. He only did what he saw the father doing. Only by imitating Christ can we imitate God and grow to be more like him.

Christianity invites us to imitate a God who is perfectly good. It teaches us that if we do not do so, we will expose ourselves to the worst. There is no solution to mimetism aside from a good model. Yet the Greeks never suggested we imitate the gods. They always say that Dionysus should be kept at a distance and that one should never go close to him. Chris alone is approachable from this point of view. The Greeks had no model of transcendence to imitate. That was their problem, and it is THE problem of archaic religions. However, in a world where the founding murder has disappeared, we have no choice but to imitate Christ, imitate him to the letter, do everything he says to do. The Passion reveals both mimetism and the only way to remedy it.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.101

Paul’s conversion is often explained (rightly so) not of a bad man suddenly becoming good, but of an already very good and passionate religious man, a “Pharisee of Pharisees”, whose trajectory was tweaked by his meeting with the risen Jesus Christ.

From the standpoint of violence though (what Girard cares about), Paul’s conversion needs to be described a bit differently.

Reality is not rational, but religious. This is what the Gospels tell us. This is at the heart of history’s contradictions, in the interactions that people weave with one another, in their relations, which are always threatened by reciprocity. This awareness is needed more than ever now that institutions no longer help us and we each have to make the transformation by ourselves. In this, we have returned to Paul’s conversation, to the voice asking, “why do you persecute me?” Paul’s radicalism is a very appropriate for our time. He was less the hero who “rose” to holiness than the persecutor who turned himself back and falls to the ground.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.112

Mimetism is contagious and will attack nature itself. We are thus in the process of seeing that, far from making them obsolete forever, the confusion between nature and culture in the apocalyptic texts, which used to be seen as naive, is becoming unexpectedly relevant, with the ultramodern theme of the contamination of nature by human hands.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.114

Girard develops this idea more in other places (not in this book). I have heard others (can’t remember who) mention it as well. It describes an interesting phenomenon: The increasing confusion over what is caused by nature and what is caused by humans. The bulk of environmentalism in the past ten years has taken on a very religious tone.

It’s because of this we can have a natural weather phenomenon like a hurricane simultaneously declared to be a direct judgmental action by God (against gays, abortionists, America, etc.) AND also something entirely the fault of humans. (The hurricane isn’t god’s doing, it’s OURS!) This is part of the global warming mythology. See the poster for Al Gore’s movie a few years ago for an illustration.

Girard sees this as a natural part of the escalation to extremes: confusing the work of nature, God, and man.

From the epilogue of Battling to the End:

The Crusades are not as important as Islam thinks. The Crusades were an archaic regression without consequences for the essence of Christianity. Christ died everywhere and for everyone. Seeing Jews and Christians as falsifies is the most irremediable thing. It allows Muslims to eliminate all serious discussion, any comparison among the three religions. It amounts to not wanting to see what is at stake in the prophetic tradition.

Why has Christian revelation been subject to the most hostile and ferocious possible criticism for centuries, but not Islam? There is an abdication of reason here. In some respects, it resembles the aporia of pacifism, which as we have seen can be a strong encouragement for aggression. The Koran would thus benefit from being studied in the same way the Jewish and Christian texts have been studied. I think that a comparative approach would reveal that it contains no real awareness of collective murder.

Christians understand that the Passion has rendered collective murder inoperative. This is why, far from reducing violence, the Passion aggravates it. Islamism seems to have understood this very quickly, but in the sense of jihad.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.216

This is how Jesus “does not come to bring peace, but a sword”. Our usual way of gaining peace all by ourselves, (war!), will be increasingly ineffective. Islam has been aggravated more by this more than the rest of the world even.

The Cold War completely changed the balance of power and we were gradually led into increasingly asymmetrical conflicts and “surgical” wars, which are the mimetic doubles of the terrorist carnage we experience today. It seems that military culture is dead in the West, through not in the East. Not how the elimination of compulsory military service has gone unnoticed among us.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.91

Whoa. Thousands of years of history and suddenly, what happened to the draft? Poof. Times really are pretty different.

For a fleeting moment here, Girard goes all David Bently-Hart on the new atheists and lays the smack down.

Today’s anti-religion combines so much error and nonsense about religion that it can barely be satirized. It serves the cause that it would undermine, and secretly defends the mistakes that it believes it is correcting; it frightens religion without managing to control it. By seeking to demystify sacrifice, current demystification does a much worse job than the Christianity that it thinks it is attacking because it still confuses Christianity with archaic religion.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.198

I’m not going to quote the passage here (from p.143) because it’s too wrapped up on context. However, what I took away from it is this:

When we are imitating someone, or wishing we could be like them or possess what they have, their skills or wealth, one way that we hide this rivalry is by explaining them as a virtuoso. This is something we can appreciate. It makes them no longer threatening to us personally. It puts us the right distance apart from the other. On one hand, this is good, but it could also be a way that we are covering up a rivalry or hatred that still exists.

Given the extent of its growing control, escaping from mimetism is something only geniuses and saints can do.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.133

No man is a prophet in his own land because no land wants to hear the truth about its own violence. It will always try to hide it in order to have peace, but the best way to have peace is to make war. This is why Christ suffered the fate of prophets. He came close to humans by throwing their violence into a panic, by showing it naked to all. In a way, he was doomed to failure. The Holy Spirit, however, is continuing his work. It s the Holy Spirit that teaches us that historical Christianity has failed and that the apocalyptic texts will now speak to us more than they ever have before.

-Rene Girard, Battling to the End, p.103

Yet more stumbling blocks for Christians taking Girard seriously. Too bad. It’s easy to read this sort of thing and make a funny face. “Historical Christianity has failed?” What are you smoking?

The language can be confusing at times. He is only talking about one specific aspect of Jesus’ impact on the world. This discussion has nothing to do with the nature of Christ, or with the atonement, or any of that. Jesus didn’t “fail” in any possible sense. What has “failed” is that Jesus’ exposition of violence was not enough to convince us to lay down our swords. Like the words of any true prophet, we refused to listen to them. The Holy Spirit stays on perpetuating the truth though. It is like a tiny bit of yeast working it’s way through the loaf of history.

My big question, both before and after reading this book, and listening to several interviews with Girard, his how to reconcile this with post-millenialism.

I have a lot of post-millenialism friends. In fact, I see much of Girard’s work as propping up post-millenialism. The yeast keeps working it’s way through the loaf until the Kingdom come in full. This could easily take another thousand years.

On the other hand:

Idealogical wars, monstrous justifications of violence, have led humanity to the stage beyond war where we are today. The West is going to exhaust itself in its fight against Islamic terrorism, which Western arrogance has undeniably kindled. Clausewitz thought violence would continue to erupt in international conflicts in the nineteenth century. Nations existed to contain the revolutionary contagion. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna was still able to put an end to the War of the Sixth Coalition That [whole] era is over Violence can no longer be checked. From this point of view, we can say that the apocalypse has begun.

-p.210

I’m not sure what kind of cake Girard is baking. I don’t have any good answers on this yet.

When asked in an interview what we could do to turn this around, he answered “start behaving like Christians”. I suppose my post-millenialist friends would answer, “start by reforming worship”.